There is no difference between a CNC turning center and a lathe, save that the axes differ a great deal. A CNC turning center may have up to 3, 4, or 5 axes, proving it to be a bit more improved and modernized.

Unlike in lathes, most turning centers are with a slant bed design where all guideways and beds rest at the back rather than their fronts.

Features That Differentiate CNC Turning Centers From General CNC Lathes

This was also made possible by CNC turning centers offering multi-axis, sub-spindles, and Y-axis movement both up and down, thereby becoming multitasking machines. Most of the improvements are targeted towards improving the cutters' versatility in accomplishing work that ordinary CNC lathes have no ability to do. For a fact, a CNC turning center can move in seven different ways.

In addition to the Y-axis we’ve mentioned, they can also move along the A-axis (rotation around the X-axis), B-axis (rotation around the Y-axis), and C-axis (rotation around the Z-axis). The Z-axis is perpendicular to the cutting tool, while the X-axis is parallel to it.  

Types of CNC Turning Centers 

Horizontal

This is the most common because they are easier to setup, less expensive compared to vertical turning centers, less problematic to operate, and easily computerized. They are ideal for small parts but provide a lot of flexibility since the bed around the spindle is pretty long. The horizontal CNC turning centers are also equipped with tailstocks that help in safely holding and supporting workpieces during the machining process-a feature not so common in vertical CNC turning centers.

Vertical

Vertical CNC lathes are those that have a fixed spindle and chuck on which the workpiece is clamped using jaws. They make use of natural gravity to hold the workpiece, hence limiting the fixtures used on it. They are less complicated to use compared to the horizontal ones and are good for use in the production of complicated designs.  

CNC Turning Centers: Advantages

Versatility

Multi-axis capability provides higher precision and wider range turning possibilities, making the CNC turning centers an excellent choice.

Increased Speed

Complicated and heavy-duty designs are possible to make with shorter production time and higher accuracy by using CNC turning centers.

Improved Efficiency

Multi-axis CNC machines are more efficient since they reduce the need for additional machinery. There is no need for separate lathes and milling machines since turning centers can perform all these tasks.